Eastern Lake St. Clair (ON012)

Southwestern Ontario, Ontario

Latitude 42,416°N
Longitude 82,552°O
Altitude 174 - 176m
Superficie 1 354,58km²

Description du site

Lake St.Clair, which forms part of the Great Lake system, is located in extreme southwestern Ontario to the north of the cities of Windsor and Detroit. The St. Clair River provides an inflow from Lake Huron to the north, and the Detroit River provides an outflow to Lake Erie to the south. The Eastern Lake St. Clair IBA encompasses the eastern shore, marshlands and agricultural fields from the Sydenham river at Wallaceburg to the mouth of the Thames River and the open waters of Lake St. Clair, south of the St.Clair River delta under Canadian jurisdiction. The large delta and the shallow nature of the lake result in extensive areas of marshland that is characterized by both submerged and emergent vegetation. Walpole Island, which is located within the St. Clair delta, contains some of the most significant tall grass prairie /oak savannah communities remaining in Canada.

Oiseaux

Lake St. Clair is recognized as being one of the most significant staging areas for waterfowl in southern Ontario. During studies completed in the 1970s and early 1980s, it was estimated that peak totals of waterfowl were over 60,000 during spring migration, and over 150,000 during fall migration. The site was estimated to support 1,137,000 Canvasback and Redhead waterfowl-days, and as many as 5,123,000 dabbling duck waterfowl-days. (A waterfowl-day equals the number of ducks multiplied by the number of days present). The agricultural fields along the east shoreline also support large numbers of Black-bellied Plovers and American Golden Plovers during spring migration. As many as 5,000 Black-bellied Plovers have been reported, which could represent as much as 3.5% of the estimated North American population.

In addition to being significant as a staging area, the Lake St. Clair marshes also support significant populations of breeding birds. One of the largest breeding concentrations of Black Terns in Ontario is present, along with over 3.5 % of the estimated North American Forsters Tern population. The largest known Canadian population of King Rails (nationally endangered) has been recorded, along with significant numbers of Least Bitterns (nationally vulnerable).

The prairie and oak savannah communities of Walpole Island also support threatened bird species, with the largest self-sustaining concentration of Northern Bobwhite (nationally endangered) being present. There are also historic nesting records of Henslows Sparrows (nationally endangered), along with numerous other potential breeding records for nationally threatened species such as Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prothonotary Warbler, and Yellow-breasted Chat.

Enjeux de conservation

Although portions of this site are managed as protected areas (e.g., St. Clair and Bear Creek National Wildlife Areas, Tremblay Beach; Ruscom Shores Conservation Areas), there is still on-going loss and degradation of marsh habitat as a result of incremental land use change. A large proportion of the site is located within the Walpole Island First Nation Lands. Conservation of this site will require a lake-wide management system that is equitable for all users.

  • Significative au niveau mondial:
  • Espèce(s) grégaire(s)
  • Concentrations de sauvagine
  • Significative au niveau national:
  • Espèce(s) grégaire(s)
  • Forêt de feuillus (tempérée)
  • Lac d'eau douce
  • Prairie naturelle
  • Terre arable ou cultivée
  • Agriculture
  • Autre
  • Chasse
  • Conservation de la nature et recherche
  • Loisir et tourisme
  • Pêcheries ou aquaculture
  • Agriculture
  • Autre menace (événement)
  • Dérangement des oiseaux
  • Digue ou barrage
  • Espèces introduites
  • Loisir et tourisme
  • Pollution agricole et pesticides
  • Plan de conservation des ZICO terminé ou en progrès
  • Réserve nationale de faune (fédéral)
  • Site Ramsar (Zone humide d'importance internationale)
Cygne siffleur
Nombre Année Saison
1 490 - 3 5002021Hiver
1 500 - 5 4502020Hiver
1 500 - 8 5002020Automne
1 800 - 4 5002019Hiver
5 000 - 12 0002019Automne
1 500 - 4 0002019Printemps
4 5002018Hiver
1 750 - 7 0002018Automne
2 2002017Hiver
1 500 - 3 5002017Automne
1 500 - 10 8702016Hiver
1 5002015Automne
2 4542015Hiver
1 500 - 2 5002014Hiver
3 000 - 8 5902014Automne
2 0002012Printemps
3 8762012Hiver
1 5002009Automne
2 299 - 2 6852007Printemps
2 004 - 6 5962007Hiver
1 712 - 2 6142006Hiver
1 8712005Hiver
5 4302004Printemps
5 4302004Hiver
5 3311997Printemps
4 300 - 5 3311997Hiver
2 5001990Printemps
11 5001980Automne
135 0001980Printemps
Bernache du Canada
Nombre Année Saison
3 0002021Hiver
2 200 - 3 0002020Hiver
2 5002019Automne
2 200 - 4 5002019Hiver
2 500 - 8 0002018Automne
3 3132018Hiver
2 000 - 5 3982017Hiver
1 600 - 2 4002017Automne
2 5002016Automne
2 000 - 6 7892016Hiver
2 0002015Automne
5 3682015Hiver
2 5002014Automne
4 0502013Hiver
1 800 - 12 2822012Hiver
2 7322011Hiver
4 4802010Hiver
1 722 - 2 0002009Hiver
2 2512008Hiver
2 273 - 5 1202007Hiver
1 834 - 2 7042007Printemps
3 3032006Automne
3 5082006Hiver
3 5662004Printemps
3 5662004Hiver
2 4632002Hiver
9 0052001Hiver
4 8352000Printemps
4 8352000Hiver
1 779 - 2 8101999Hiver
6 3191998Printemps
6 3191998Hiver
6 6461997Printemps
2 130 - 6 6461997Hiver
3 5221996Hiver
4 3101995Hiver
7 7701994Hiver
4 000 - 5 0001993Hiver
3 1691992Hiver
4 5131991Hiver
2 5001990Printemps
2 5001990Hiver
672 0001980Automne
378 0001980Printemps
Harle huppé
Nombre Année Saison
9 2382009Hiver
16 2562006Hiver
2 2562004Hiver
2 0152000Hiver
3 0961998Hiver
4 0061997Hiver
2 3061993Hiver
4 5401992Hiver
Fuligule à dos blanc
Nombre Année Saison
4 8002020Printemps
7 0002018Hiver
12 0002015Printemps
12 0002014Printemps
16 9032012Hiver
8 0002007Printemps
25 8002007Hiver
19 2152004Printemps
19 2152004Hiver
5 0002002Hiver
Fuligule à tête rouge
Nombre Année Saison
5 0002016Printemps
12 0022016Hiver
15 2002007Hiver
Quiscale rouilleux
Nombre Année Saison
272021Hiver
30 - 652020Automne
752019Printemps
652019Hiver
452018Automne
332018Hiver
60 - 1102017Automne
30 - 1502016Automne
1002016Hiver
25 - 2502015Automne
1502012Automne
292011Hiver
282008Hiver
46 - 1642007Hiver
26 - 862006Hiver
602006Automne
1872005Hiver
34 - 382003Hiver
382003Printemps
30 - 822001Hiver
1632000Hiver
84 - 1451999Hiver
1371998Hiver
1131997Printemps
1131997Hiver
1371996Hiver
301995Hiver
881994Hiver
941993Hiver
1031992Hiver
311991Hiver
531990Hiver
Pluvier argenté
Nombre Année Saison
3 9182007Printemps
1 5001995Printemps
1 5001994Printemps
5 0001993Printemps
Fuligule milouinan
Nombre Année Saison
4 8162009Hiver
9 5202003Hiver
Goéland hudsonien
Nombre Année Saison
5 0002020Hiver
3 500 - 4 0202017Hiver
3 0002016Hiver
4 8262008Hiver
2 8671996Hiver
2 8701993Hiver
2 9281990Hiver
Mouette pygmée
Nombre Année Saison
21991Hiver
Colin de Virginie
Nombre Année Saison
22014Printemps
32012Été
22006Printemps
62003Hiver
22003Été
62002Été
42002Printemps
4 - 122001Hiver
92001Été
21999Été
21997Printemps
191996Hiver
31996Printemps
161995Hiver
341995Été
21995Printemps
41994Hiver
21992Été
81992Printemps
9 - 151991Hiver
15 - 201990Hiver
121990Automne
101990Été
Martinet ramoneur
Nombre Année Saison
252021Printemps
232018Printemps
552017Printemps
252016Été
Râle élégant
Nombre Année Saison
12021Printemps
12019Printemps
12018Été
12017Printemps
22014Été
12012Automne
12012Été
12007Printemps
12006Printemps
1 - 22005Été
12005Printemps
12005Autre
1 - 22004Printemps
12002Printemps
12001Printemps
11999Printemps
1 - 21997Printemps
321997Été
11996Printemps
11994Printemps
51992Printemps
11991Été
Petit Blongios
Nombre Année Saison
751998Été
131997Été
Bruant de Henslow
Nombre Année Saison
12003Été
21986Été
Ictérie polyglotte
Nombre Année Saison
12021Printemps
12013Été
12004Été
11997Printemps
11996Printemps
11995Printemps
21986Été
Moucherolle vert
Nombre Année Saison
22021Printemps
21986Été
Paruline orangée
Nombre Année Saison
52021Printemps
12020Printemps
12018Printemps
12017Printemps
12016Été
12004Printemps
11998Été
21986Été
Effraie d'Amérique
Nombre Année Saison
12008Hiver
12007Hiver
12006Hiver
12003Printemps
Paruline de Kirtland
Nombre Année Saison
12021Printemps
12005Printemps
11996Printemps
Oiseaux aquatiques
Nombre Année Saison
7 050 5001980Automne
1 580 0001980Printemps
Mouette de Bonaparte
Nombre Année Saison
3 5002020Printemps
3 7292003Hiver
3 3561996Hiver
3 8491994Hiver
Canard noir
Nombre Année Saison
5 3702007Hiver
Goéland à bec cerclé
Nombre Année Saison
22 1772001Hiver
15 9421999Hiver
20 1231993Hiver

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